PRE-EXTRACTION CULTURES IN CARDIAC IMPLANTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE (CIED) INFECTION: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVICE EXTRACTION

Morphometric parameters of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) pocket walls observed on device replacement.

BACKGROUND The final stage of a conventional de-novo cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation procedure with transvenous lead insertion involves the formation of a pocket by tissue separation superficial to the pectoralis major muscle in the right or left infraclavicular region, where the device is subsequently placed. Over time, a scar "capsule" forms around the CIED as a resu...

Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection: From an Infection Prevention Perspective

A cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) is indicated for patients with severely reduced ejection fraction or with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Infection related to a CIED is one of the most feared complications of this life-saving device. The rate of CIED infection has been estimated to be between 2 and 25; though evidence shows that this rate continues to rise with increasing e...

Lead Damage in the First-Year Following Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (Cied) Replacement: Incidence and Costs Based on Device Type.

Cardiac implantable electronic device infection: formidable, frustrating, and increasingly frequent.

Infective endocarditis and the pacemaker: cardiac implantable electronic device infection.

We are seeing more implantation of cardiac device such as pacemakers and defibrillators and also cardiac implantable electronic device infection. The infection may affect just the pocket site or progress to deeper infection and bacteraemia. Inadequately treated infection may lead to right sided endocarditis, cardiotomy for pacemaker explantation and increased cost and length of stay in the hosp...